Which term describes the physical manifestations of fear such as pounding heart and goose bumps?

Which term describes the physical manifestations of fear such as pounding heart and goose bumps?

• A. Mental Changes
• B. Cognitive Distortions
• C. Social Anxieties
• D. Physical Changes

Answer: (D)

Fear triggers the body's fight-or-flight response, producing observable physical changes like a pounding heart and goose bumps. These are automatic reactions driven by the sympathetic nervous system, where adrenaline speeds up the heart and the tiny muscles at hair follicles contract to cause goose bumps. The term Physical Changes best fits because it names these outward bodily signals, not thoughts or attitudes. Mental Changes would mean shifts in thinking or mood, Cognitive Distortions are biased ways of thinking, and Social Anxieties refer to fear of social situations.

Fear triggers the body's fight-or-flight response, producing observable physical changes like a pounding heart and goose bumps. These are automatic reactions driven by the sympathetic nervous system, where adrenaline speeds up the heart and the tiny muscles at hair follicles contract to cause goose bumps. The term Physical Changes best fits because it names these outward bodily signals, not thoughts or attitudes. Mental Changes would mean shifts in thinking or mood, Cognitive Distortions are biased ways of thinking, and Social Anxieties refer to fear of social situations.